Youth social citizenship and class inequalities in transitions to adulthood in the UK.

Key takeaways

content: "@berringtonYouthSocialCitizenship2017" -file:@berringtonYouthSocialCitizenship2017

Reading notes

Imported on 2024-06-23 11:38

⭐ Important

• & We provide new evidence regarding class inequalities in transitions to adulthood over the past twenty-five years. All social classes have seen a delay in some transitions such as getting a full time job, and becoming a home owner. Class differences in the likelihood of remaining in the parental home have widened. Regardless of social background, having a degree remains key to avoid precarious employment, but within the graduate and nongraduate groups there are class inequalities in the likelihood of being unemployed, or in a routine job. Despite the recent postponement of motherhood among disadvantaged groups, the timing and partnership context of motherhood remains strongly class stratified (p. -2)
• & As in many developed countries increased globalisation and the changing labour market means that the benefits of extended education are increasingly important for achieving economic independence and it takes longer nowadays for young adults (even graduates) to establish a secure, financially stable career (Barbieri and Scherer, 2009; Settersten et al., 2015). Labour market entry in the UK has been characterised as fast but unstable (Walther, 2006). Young adults are disproportionately employed in precarious routine and semi-routine jobs which tend to have low wages and few prospects of career progression (Berrington et al., 2014). (p. 2)
• & Age Type of social support (p. 11)
• & Table 2: Selected age markers in UK Government policies and legislation, 2016. (p. 11)
• & Secondly, in April 2016, we saw further age differentiation in the implementation of the UK Government's National Living Wage. This new “living wage” (currently set at £7.20 per hour) was only made available to those aged 25 and over. The current National Minimum Wage for those under the age of 25 still applies which assumes therefore that employed young people aged under 25 are also often being financially supported through private (family) sources. (p. 11)
• & Chevalier (2015, p. 15) characterises the UK has having individualised youth social citizenship as a result of a well-developed support for higher education where he argues that “ the delivery and the level of the aid do not depend on parental income, and as a result, every (undergraduate) student can claim for it.” Chevalier argues that 100% of UK undergraduates are in receipt of student support in 2011-2012. (p. 12)
• & Figure 1: Student support and tuition fees (US dollars) for full time bachelor students (public (p. 13)
• & Table 3: The percentage of UK-born1 young men and women who have achieved key transitions by (p. 18)